make install

make install#

本示例演示如何生成make install目标来安装文件和二进制到系统。基于之前的共享库示例扩展实现。

项目结构：

.  
├── cmake-examples.conf
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── include
│   └── installing
│       └── Hello.h
├── README.md
└── src
    ├── Hello.cpp
    └── main.cpp

  • CMakeLists.txt: 包含CMake构建指令

  • cmake-examples.conf: 示例配置文件

  • Hello.h: 头文件

  • Hello.cpp: 库源文件

  • main.cpp: 主程序文件

核心概念#

安装机制#

通过install()命令配置安装规则：

install(TARGETS cmake_examples_inst_bin
    DESTINATION bin)

将可执行文件安装到${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/bin

install(TARGETS cmake_examples_inst
    LIBRARY DESTINATION lib)

将共享库安装到${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib

Windows注意： 需添加运行时目标配置

install(TARGETS cmake_examples_inst
    LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
    RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)

文件安装#

install(DIRECTORY ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/
    DESTINATION include)

安装头文件到${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include

install(FILES cmake-examples.conf
    DESTINATION etc)

安装配置文件到${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/etc

构建验证#

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
sudo make install

安装后生成install_manifest.txt记录安装路径：

/usr/local/bin/cmake_examples_inst_bin
/usr/local/lib/libcmake_examples_inst.so
/usr/local/etc/cmake-examples.conf

高级配置#

自定义安装路径#

在CMakeLists.txt顶部添加：

if(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX_INITIALIZED_TO_DEFAULT)
  message(STATUS "设置默认安装路径: ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/install")
  set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/install" CACHE STRING "make install路径" FORCE)
endif()

暂存安装#

使用DESTDIR参数进行预安装验证：

make install DESTDIR=/tmp/stage

目录结构：

/tmp/stage
└── usr
    └── local
        ├── bin
        │   └── cmake_examples_inst_bin
        ├── etc
        │   └── cmake-examples.conf
        └── lib
            └── libcmake_examples_inst.so

卸载机制#

通过安装清单执行卸载：

sudo xargs rm < install_manifest.txt

环境配置#

运行时需配置库路径：

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib

若/usr/local/lib不在默认库路径中，需手动添加

构建示例#

$ mkdir build

$ cd build/

$ cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/matrim/workspace/cmake-examples/01-basic/E-installing/build

$ make
Scanning dependencies of target cmake_examples_inst
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_inst.dir/src/Hello.cpp.o
Linking CXX shared library libcmake_examples_inst.so
[ 50%] Built target cmake_examples_inst
Scanning dependencies of target cmake_examples_inst_bin
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/cmake_examples_inst_bin.dir/src/main.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable cmake_examples_inst_bin
[100%] Built target cmake_examples_inst_bin

$ sudo make install
[sudo] password for matrim:
[ 50%] Built target cmake_examples_inst
[100%] Built target cmake_examples_inst_bin
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/cmake_examples_inst_bin
-- Removed runtime path from "/usr/local/bin/cmake_examples_inst_bin"
-- Installing: /usr/local/lib/libcmake_examples_inst.so
-- Installing: /usr/local/etc/cmake-examples.conf

$ cat install_manifest.txt
/usr/local/bin/cmake_examples_inst_bin
/usr/local/lib/libcmake_examples_inst.so
/usr/local/etc/cmake-examples.conf

$ ls /usr/local/bin/
cmake_examples_inst_bin

$ ls /usr/local/lib
libcmake_examples_inst.so

$ ls /usr/local/etc/
cmake-examples.conf

$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib cmake_examples_inst_bin
Hello Install!
目录