富文本#
通常，样式应用于单个单元格中的所有内容。但是，富文本允许格式化字符串中的部分文本。
富文本对象可以包含非格式化文本和 TextBlock 对象的混合，TextBlock 对象包含 InlineFont 样式和要格式化的文本。结果是 CellRichText 对象。
from openpyxl.cell.text import InlineFont
from openpyxl.cell.rich_text import TextBlock, CellRichText
rich_string1 = CellRichText(
'This is a test ',
TextBlock(InlineFont(b=True), 'xxx'),
'yyy')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[1], line 1
----> 1 from openpyxl.cell.text import InlineFont
2 from openpyxl.cell.rich_text import TextBlock, CellRichText
3 rich_string1 = CellRichText(
4 'This is a test ',
5 TextBlock(InlineFont(b=True), 'xxx'),
6 'yyy')
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'openpyxl'
InlineFont 对象实际上与 Font 对象相同，但是使用不同的属性名 rFont 作为字体的名称。不幸的是，这是 OOXML 所要求的，并且无法避免。
inline_font = InlineFont(rFont='Calibri', # Font name
sz=22, # in 1/144 in. (1/2 point) units, must be integer
charset=None, # character set (0 to 255), less required with UTF-8
family=None, # Font family
b=True, # Bold (True/False)
i=None, # Italics (True/False)
strike=None, # strikethrough
outline=None,
shadow=None,
condense=None,
extend=None,
color=None,
u=None,
vertAlign=None,
scheme=None)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[2], line 1
----> 1 inline_font = InlineFont(rFont='Calibri', # Font name
2 sz=22, # in 1/144 in. (1/2 point) units, must be integer
3 charset=None, # character set (0 to 255), less required with UTF-8
4 family=None, # Font family
5 b=True, # Bold (True/False)
6 i=None, # Italics (True/False)
7 strike=None, # strikethrough
8 outline=None,
9 shadow=None,
10 condense=None,
11 extend=None,
12 color=None,
13 u=None,
14 vertAlign=None,
15 scheme=None)
NameError: name 'InlineFont' is not defined
幸运的是，如果你已经有 Font 对象，你可以简单地用现有的 Font 对象初始化 InlineFont 对象：
from openpyxl.cell.text import Font
font = Font(name='Calibri',
size=11,
bold=False,
italic=False,
vertAlign=None,
underline='none',
strike=False,
color='00FF0000')
inline_font = InlineFont(font)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[3], line 1
----> 1 from openpyxl.cell.text import Font
2 font = Font(name='Calibri',
3 size=11,
4 bold=False,
(...)
8 strike=False,
9 color='00FF0000')
10 inline_font = InlineFont(font)
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'openpyxl'
您可以单独创建 InlineFont 对象，并在以后使用它们。这使得工作与富文本更干净和更容易：
big = InlineFont(sz="30.0")
medium = InlineFont(sz="20.0")
small = InlineFont(sz="10.0")
bold = InlineFont(b=True)
b = TextBlock
rich_string2 = CellRichText(
b(big, 'M'),
b(medium, 'i'),
b(small, 'x'),
b(medium, 'e'),
b(big, 'd'))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[4], line 1
----> 1 big = InlineFont(sz="30.0")
2 medium = InlineFont(sz="20.0")
3 small = InlineFont(sz="10.0")
NameError: name 'InlineFont' is not defined
例如：
red = InlineFont(color='FF000000')
rich_string1 = CellRichText(['When the color ', TextBlock(red, 'red'), ' is used, you can expect ', TextBlock(red, 'danger')])
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[5], line 1
----> 1 red = InlineFont(color='FF000000')
2 rich_string1 = CellRichText(['When the color ', TextBlock(red, 'red'), ' is used, you can expect ', TextBlock(red, 'danger')])
NameError: name 'InlineFont' is not defined
CellRichText 对象是从 list 中派生出来的，并且可以这样使用。
空白符#
CellRichText 对象在将元素呈现为字符串或保存文件时，不会在元素之间添加空格。
t = CellRichText()
t.append('xx')
t.append(TextBlock(red, "red"))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[6], line 1
----> 1 t = CellRichText()
2 t.append('xx')
3 t.append(TextBlock(red, "red"))
NameError: name 'CellRichText' is not defined
还可以将其强制转换为 str 以只获得文本，而不进行格式化。
str(t)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[7], line 1
----> 1 str(t)
NameError: name 't' is not defined
编辑富文本#
由于编辑带有格式的大块文本可能很棘手，as_list() 方法返回字符串列表以简化索引。
l = rich_string1.as_list()
l
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[8], line 1
----> 1 l = rich_string1.as_list()
2 l
NameError: name 'rich_string1' is not defined
l.index("danger")
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[9], line 1
----> 1 l.index("danger")
NameError: name 'l' is not defined
rich_string1[3].text = "fun"
str(rich_string1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[10], line 1
----> 1 rich_string1[3].text = "fun"
2 str(rich_string1)
NameError: name 'rich_string1' is not defined
富文本单元格#
富文本对象可以直接分配给单元格：
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws['A1'] = rich_string1
ws['A2'] = 'Simple string'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[11], line 1
----> 1 from openpyxl import Workbook
2 wb = Workbook()
3 ws = wb.active
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'openpyxl'