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"(plotly:shapes)=\n",
"# 几何形状\n",
"\n",
"参考：[Shapes | Python | Plotly](https://plotly.com/python/shapes/#drawing-shapes-on-cartesian-plots)\n",
"\n",
"如何在 Python 中制作 SVG 形状。线、圆、矩形和路径的示例。\n",
"\n",
"## 向 Figure 添加线条和多边形\n",
"\n",
"```{tip} 两种方法的区别\n",
"- 轨迹可以选择支持悬停标签，并且可以出现在图例中。\n",
"- 形状只能在二维笛卡尔子图中绝对或相对于数据坐标定位。\n",
"- 轨迹不能绝对定位，但可以相对于任何子图类型中的日期坐标定位。\n",
"- 在 [](plotly:text-and-annotations) 中介绍了轨迹也支持 **可选文本**。\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"作为一般规则，有两种向 Figure 添加形状（线或多边形）的方法：\n",
"\n",
"1. **轨迹**：`scatter` 系列（例如 `scatter`、`scatter3d`、`scattergeo` 等）的轨迹类型，可以使用 `mode=\"lines\"` 绘制，并且可以选择支持 `fill=\"self\"` 属性，因此可用于在 Figure 上绘制开放或封闭的形状。\n",
"2. **形状**：可以使用 `fig.add_shape()` 将独立的线、椭圆和矩形添加到 Figure 中，它们可以绝对定位在 Figure 内，也可以相对于 2D 笛卡尔子图的轴定位，即在数据坐标中。\n",
"\n",
"```{note}\n",
"在 [](plotly:horizontal-vertical-shapes) 中介绍了一些特殊的方法（如 `add_hline`、`add_vline`、`add_hrect` 和 `add_vrect`）用于绘制水平或垂直线或矩形的常见情况，这些线或矩形固定在一个轴上的数据坐标并在另一个轴上绝对定位。\n",
"```\n",
"\n",
"## 用散点图轨迹绘制形状\n",
"\n",
"有两种绘制填充形状的方法：散点图轨迹和 [layout.shapes](https://plotly.com/python/reference/layout/shapes/#layout-shapes-items-shape-type) 主要用于 2D 子图，并定义要绘制的形状类型，可以是矩形、圆形、直线或路径（自定义 SVG 路径）。您还可以使用 [scatterpolar](https://plotly.com/python/polar-chart/#categorical-polar-chart)、[scattergeo](https://plotly.com/python/reference/scattergeo)、[scattermapbox](https://plotly.com/python/filled-area-on-mapbox/#filled-scattermapbox-trace) 在任何类型的子图上绘制填充形状。要将区域设置为用纯色填充，您需要定义 [Scatter.fill=\"toself\"](https://plotly.com/python/reference/scatter/#scatter-fill) 将轨迹的端点连接成一个封闭的形状。如果 `mode=\"lines\"`（默认值 `\"lines+markers\"`），那么您需要在序列的初始点重复一个形状，以获得一个封闭的形状。"
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"\n",
"fig = go.Figure(go.Scatter(x=[0, 1, 2, 0],\n",
" y=[0, 2, 0, 0],\n",
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"您可以通过添加 {doc}`更多的跟踪<../basic-charts/filled-area-plots>` 或使用 `None` 中断该系列来获得更多的形状。\n",
"\n",
"```python\n",
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"\n",
"fig = go.Figure(go.Scatter(x=[0, 1, 2, 0, None, 3, 3, 5, 5, 3],\n",
" y=[0, 2, 0, 0, None, 0.5, 1.5, 1.5, 0.5, 0.5],\n",
" fill=\"toself\"))\n",
"fig.show()\n",
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"font": {
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},
"geo": {
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"lakecolor": "white",
"landcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"showlakes": true,
"showland": true,
"subunitcolor": "white"
},
"hoverlabel": {
"align": "left"
},
"hovermode": "closest",
"mapbox": {
"style": "light"
},
"paper_bgcolor": "white",
"plot_bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"polar": {
"angularaxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
},
"bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"radialaxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
}
},
"scene": {
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"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
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"gridwidth": 2,
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"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
"zerolinecolor": "white"
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},
"shapedefaults": {
"line": {
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"ternary": {
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"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
},
"baxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
},
"bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"caxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
}
},
"title": {
"x": 0.05
},
"xaxis": {
"automargin": true,
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": "",
"title": {
"standoff": 15
},
"zerolinecolor": "white",
"zerolinewidth": 2
},
"yaxis": {
"automargin": true,
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": "",
"title": {
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},
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"zerolinewidth": 2
}
}
},
"xaxis": {
"range": [
0,
7
]
},
"yaxis": {
"range": [
0,
2.5
]
}
}
},
"text/html": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"\n",
"fig = go.Figure()\n",
"\n",
"# Create scatter trace of text labels\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(\n",
" x=[2, 3.5, 6],\n",
" y=[1, 1.5, 1],\n",
" text=[\"垂直线\",\n",
" \"水平虚线\",\n",
" \"对角虚线\"],\n",
" mode=\"text\",\n",
"))\n",
"\n",
"# Set axes ranges\n",
"fig.update_xaxes(range=[0, 7])\n",
"fig.update_yaxes(range=[0, 2.5])\n",
"\n",
"# Add shapes\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"line\",\n",
" x0=1, y0=0, x1=1, y1=2,\n",
" line=dict(color=\"RoyalBlue\", width=3))\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"line\",\n",
" x0=2, y0=2, x1=5, y1=2,\n",
" line=dict(\n",
" color=\"LightSeaGreen\",\n",
" width=4,\n",
" dash=\"dashdot\",))\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"line\",\n",
" x0=4, y0=0, x1=6, y1=2,\n",
" line=dict(\n",
" color=\"MediumPurple\",\n",
" width=4,\n",
" dash=\"dot\",))\n",
"fig.update_shapes(dict(xref='x', yref='y'))\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "9bd9c06d",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 相对于 Plot 和 Axis 数据定位的线"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"id": "b0cd0cca",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
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"config": {
"plotlyServerURL": "https://plot.ly"
},
"data": [
{
"mode": "text",
"text": [
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"Line positioned relative to the axes"
],
"type": "scatter",
"x": [
2,
6
],
"y": [
1,
1
]
}
],
"layout": {
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"line": {
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"width": 3
},
"type": "line",
"x0": 4,
"x1": 8,
"xref": "x",
"y0": 0,
"y1": 1,
"yref": "y"
},
{
"line": {
"color": "DarkOrange",
"width": 3
},
"type": "line",
"x0": 0,
"x1": 0.5,
"xref": "paper",
"y0": 0,
"y1": 0.5,
"yref": "paper"
}
],
"template": {
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},
"error_y": {
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},
"marker": {
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"width": 0.5
},
"pattern": {
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"size": 10,
"solidity": 0.2
}
},
"type": "bar"
}
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"barpolar": [
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"pattern": {
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"solidity": 0.2
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},
"type": "barpolar"
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"carpet": [
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"minorgridcolor": "white",
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"gridcolor": "white",
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},
"type": "carpet"
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],
"heatmapgl": [
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},
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},
"line": {
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"line": {
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"layout": {
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"arrowhead": 0,
"arrowwidth": 1
},
"autotypenumbers": "strict",
"coloraxis": {
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},
"colorscale": {
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],
"font": {
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},
"geo": {
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"lakecolor": "white",
"landcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"showlakes": true,
"showland": true,
"subunitcolor": "white"
},
"hoverlabel": {
"align": "left"
},
"hovermode": "closest",
"mapbox": {
"style": "light"
},
"paper_bgcolor": "white",
"plot_bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"polar": {
"angularaxis": {
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"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
},
"bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"radialaxis": {
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}
},
"scene": {
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"gridcolor": "white",
"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
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},
"yaxis": {
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"gridcolor": "white",
"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
"zerolinecolor": "white"
},
"zaxis": {
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"gridcolor": "white",
"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
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},
"shapedefaults": {
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"baxis": {
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"ticks": ""
},
"bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"caxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
}
},
"title": {
"x": 0.05
},
"xaxis": {
"automargin": true,
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": "",
"title": {
"standoff": 15
},
"zerolinecolor": "white",
"zerolinewidth": 2
},
"yaxis": {
"automargin": true,
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": "",
"title": {
"standoff": 15
},
"zerolinecolor": "white",
"zerolinewidth": 2
}
}
},
"xaxis": {
"range": [
0,
8
]
},
"yaxis": {
"range": [
0,
2
]
}
}
},
"text/html": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"\n",
"fig = go.Figure()\n",
"\n",
"# Create scatter trace of text labels\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(\n",
" x=[2, 6], y=[1, 1],\n",
" text=[\"Line positioned relative to the plot\",\n",
" \"Line positioned relative to the axes\"],\n",
" mode=\"text\",\n",
"))\n",
"\n",
"# Set axes ranges\n",
"fig.update_xaxes(range=[0, 8])\n",
"fig.update_yaxes(range=[0, 2])\n",
"\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"line\",\n",
" xref=\"x\", yref=\"y\",\n",
" x0=4, y0=0, x1=8, y1=1,\n",
" line=dict(\n",
" color=\"LightSeaGreen\",\n",
" width=3))\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"line\",\n",
" xref=\"paper\", yref=\"paper\",\n",
" x0=0, y0=0, x1=0.5, y1=0.5,\n",
" line=dict(\n",
" color=\"DarkOrange\",\n",
" width=3))\n",
"\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "f45c5550",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 相对于 Axis 数据定位的矩形"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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],
"source": [
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"\n",
"fig = go.Figure()\n",
"\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(\n",
" x=[1.5, 4.5],\n",
" y=[0.75, 0.75],\n",
" text=[\"Unfilled Rectangle\", \"Filled Rectangle\"],\n",
" mode=\"text\",\n",
"))\n",
"\n",
"# Set axes properties\n",
"fig.update_xaxes(range=[0, 7], showgrid=False)\n",
"fig.update_yaxes(range=[0, 3.5])\n",
"\n",
"# Add shapes\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"rect\",\n",
" x0=1, y0=1, x1=2, y1=3,\n",
" line=dict(color=\"RoyalBlue\"),\n",
")\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"rect\",\n",
" x0=3, y0=1, x1=6, y1=2,\n",
" line=dict(\n",
" color=\"RoyalBlue\",\n",
" width=2,\n",
" ),\n",
" fillcolor=\"LightSkyBlue\",\n",
")\n",
"fig.update_shapes(dict(xref='x', yref='y'))\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "ad11c9bc",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 相对于 Plot 和轴数据的矩形定位"
]
},
{
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"execution_count": 7,
"id": "6c312438",
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"type": "pie"
}
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"type": "scatter"
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"type": "scattergeo"
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},
"type": "scattergl"
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}
},
"type": "scattermapbox"
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}
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"type": "scatterpolar"
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}
},
"type": "scatterpolargl"
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"type": "scatterternary"
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],
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]
],
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}
],
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},
"line": {
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}
},
"header": {
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"color": "#C8D4E3"
},
"line": {
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}
},
"type": "table"
}
]
},
"layout": {
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"landcolor": "#E5ECF6",
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"showland": true,
"subunitcolor": "white"
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"hoverlabel": {
"align": "left"
},
"hovermode": "closest",
"mapbox": {
"style": "light"
},
"paper_bgcolor": "white",
"plot_bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
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"linecolor": "white",
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},
"bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"radialaxis": {
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"linecolor": "white",
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"linecolor": "white",
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"zerolinecolor": "white"
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"gridcolor": "white",
"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
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"zerolinecolor": "white"
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"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
"zerolinecolor": "white"
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"linecolor": "white",
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},
"title": {
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"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": "",
"title": {
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"title": {
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4
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}
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},
"text/html": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"\n",
"fig = go.Figure()\n",
"\n",
"# Create scatter trace of text labels\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(\n",
" x=[1.5, 3],\n",
" y=[2.5, 2.5],\n",
" text=[\"Rectangle reference to the plot\",\n",
" \"Rectangle reference to the axes\"],\n",
" mode=\"text\",\n",
"))\n",
"\n",
"# Set axes properties\n",
"fig.update_xaxes(range=[0, 4])\n",
"fig.update_yaxes(range=[0, 4])\n",
"\n",
"# Add shapes\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"rect\",\n",
" xref=\"x\", yref=\"y\",\n",
" x0=2.5, y0=0,\n",
" x1=3.5, y1=2,\n",
" line=dict(\n",
" color=\"RoyalBlue\",\n",
" width=3,\n",
" ),\n",
" fillcolor=\"LightSkyBlue\",\n",
")\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"rect\",\n",
" xref=\"paper\", yref=\"paper\",\n",
" x0=0.25, y0=0,\n",
" x1=0.5, y1=0.5,\n",
" line=dict(\n",
" color=\"LightSeaGreen\",\n",
" width=3,\n",
" ),\n",
" fillcolor=\"PaleTurquoise\",\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "8df7dfc9",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 相对于轴的位置和长度放置矩形\n",
"\n",
"通过将字符串 `' domain'` 添加到shape 的 `xref` 或 `yref` 属性中的 axis 引用中，可以将 shape 放置到相对于轴的位置。下面的代码在 x 轴上放置了一个矩形，该矩形从左边开始，在 x 轴上从 60% 开始，在 70% 结束，从底部开始，在 y 轴上从 80% 开始，在 90% 结束。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"id": "5b6f258b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
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"text/html": [
""
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},
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"source": [
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"import plotly.express as px\n",
"\n",
"df = px.data.wind()\n",
"fig = px.scatter(df, y=\"frequency\")\n",
"\n",
"fig.update_layout(xaxis=dict(domain=[0, 0.5]), yaxis=dict(domain=[0.25, 0.75]))\n",
"\n",
"# Add a shape whose x and y coordinates refer to the domains of the x and y axes\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"rect\",\n",
" xref=\"x domain\", yref=\"y domain\",\n",
" x0=0.6, x1=0.7, y0=0.8, y1=0.9,\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"fig.show()"
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},
{
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"id": "7c9dc6a4",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 高亮显示矩形形状的时间序列区域\n",
"\n",
"```{note}\n",
"有一些[特殊的方法 `add_hline`、`add_vline`、`add_hrect` 和 `add_vrect`](plotly:horizontal-vertical-shapes)，用于绘制固定在一个轴上的数据坐标上的水平或垂直的线或矩形，这些线或矩形位于另一个轴绝对位置上。\n",
"```"
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"id": "50901ba3",
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"mapbox": {
"style": "light"
},
"paper_bgcolor": "white",
"plot_bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"polar": {
"angularaxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
},
"bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"radialaxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
}
},
"scene": {
"xaxis": {
"backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"gridcolor": "white",
"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
"zerolinecolor": "white"
},
"yaxis": {
"backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"gridcolor": "white",
"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
"zerolinecolor": "white"
},
"zaxis": {
"backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"gridcolor": "white",
"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
"zerolinecolor": "white"
}
},
"shapedefaults": {
"line": {
"color": "#2a3f5f"
}
},
"ternary": {
"aaxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
},
"baxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
},
"bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"caxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
}
},
"title": {
"x": 0.05
},
"xaxis": {
"automargin": true,
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": "",
"title": {
"standoff": 15
},
"zerolinecolor": "white",
"zerolinewidth": 2
},
"yaxis": {
"automargin": true,
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": "",
"title": {
"standoff": 15
},
"zerolinecolor": "white",
"zerolinewidth": 2
}
}
}
}
},
"text/html": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"\n",
"fig = go.Figure()\n",
"\n",
"# Add scatter trace for line\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(\n",
" x=[\"2015-02-01\", \"2015-02-02\", \"2015-02-03\", \"2015-02-04\", \"2015-02-05\",\n",
" \"2015-02-06\", \"2015-02-07\", \"2015-02-08\", \"2015-02-09\", \"2015-02-10\",\n",
" \"2015-02-11\", \"2015-02-12\", \"2015-02-13\", \"2015-02-14\", \"2015-02-15\",\n",
" \"2015-02-16\", \"2015-02-17\", \"2015-02-18\", \"2015-02-19\", \"2015-02-20\",\n",
" \"2015-02-21\", \"2015-02-22\", \"2015-02-23\", \"2015-02-24\", \"2015-02-25\",\n",
" \"2015-02-26\", \"2015-02-27\", \"2015-02-28\"],\n",
" y=[-14, -17, -8, -4, -7, -10, -12, -14, -12, -7, -11, -7, -18, -14, -14,\n",
" -16, -13, -7, -8, -14, -8, -3, -9, -9, -4, -13, -9, -6],\n",
" mode=\"lines\",\n",
" name=\"temperature\"\n",
"))\n",
"\n",
"# Add shape regions\n",
"fig.add_vrect(\n",
" x0=\"2015-02-04\", x1=\"2015-02-06\",\n",
" fillcolor=\"LightSalmon\", opacity=0.5,\n",
" layer=\"below\", line_width=0,\n",
"),\n",
"\n",
"fig.add_vrect(\n",
" x0=\"2015-02-20\", x1=\"2015-02-22\",\n",
" fillcolor=\"LightSalmon\", opacity=0.5,\n",
" layer=\"below\", line_width=0,\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "f566329d",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 相对于轴数据定位的圆"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"id": "9216d302",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
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"config": {
"plotlyServerURL": "https://plot.ly"
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{
"mode": "text",
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"Unfilled Circle",
"Filled Circle"
],
"type": "scatter",
"x": [
1.5,
3.5
],
"y": [
0.75,
2.5
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}
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"layout": {
"height": 800,
"shapes": [
{
"line": {
"color": "LightSeaGreen"
},
"type": "circle",
"x0": 1,
"x1": 3,
"xref": "x",
"y0": 1,
"y1": 3,
"yref": "y"
},
{
"fillcolor": "PaleTurquoise",
"line": {
"color": "LightSeaGreen"
},
"type": "circle",
"x0": 3,
"x1": 4,
"xref": "x",
"y0": 3,
"y1": 4,
"yref": "y"
}
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"template": {
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"error_x": {
"color": "#2a3f5f"
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"error_y": {
"color": "#2a3f5f"
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"marker": {
"line": {
"color": "#E5ECF6",
"width": 0.5
},
"pattern": {
"fillmode": "overlay",
"size": 10,
"solidity": 0.2
}
},
"type": "bar"
}
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"barpolar": [
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"solidity": 0.2
}
},
"type": "barpolar"
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"carpet": [
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"aaxis": {
"endlinecolor": "#2a3f5f",
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"minorgridcolor": "white",
"startlinecolor": "#2a3f5f"
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"baxis": {
"endlinecolor": "#2a3f5f",
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"minorgridcolor": "white",
"startlinecolor": "#2a3f5f"
},
"type": "carpet"
}
],
"choropleth": [
{
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
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"type": "choropleth"
}
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"contour": [
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[
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[
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"type": "contour"
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"contourcarpet": [
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"colorbar": {
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"type": "contourcarpet"
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"type": "heatmap"
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],
"histogram": [
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"size": 10,
"solidity": 0.2
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},
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"histogram2d": [
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"type": "mesh3d"
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"parcoords": [
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},
"type": "parcoords"
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"pie": [
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"automargin": true,
"type": "pie"
}
],
"scatter": [
{
"fillpattern": {
"fillmode": "overlay",
"size": 10,
"solidity": 0.2
},
"type": "scatter"
}
],
"scatter3d": [
{
"line": {
"colorbar": {
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"ticks": ""
}
},
"marker": {
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}
},
"type": "scatter3d"
}
],
"scattercarpet": [
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"marker": {
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}
},
"type": "scattercarpet"
}
],
"scattergeo": [
{
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scattergeo"
}
],
"scattergl": [
{
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
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"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scattergl"
}
],
"scattermapbox": [
{
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
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"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scattermapbox"
}
],
"scatterpolar": [
{
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
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"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scatterpolar"
}
],
"scatterpolargl": [
{
"marker": {
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}
},
"type": "scatterpolargl"
}
],
"scatterternary": [
{
"marker": {
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}
},
"type": "scatterternary"
}
],
"surface": [
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}
],
"table": [
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"cells": {
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},
"line": {
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}
},
"header": {
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"line": {
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"layout": {
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"autotypenumbers": "strict",
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0.1,
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0.3,
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"#FFA15A",
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"#FF6692",
"#B6E880",
"#FF97FF",
"#FECB52"
],
"font": {
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},
"geo": {
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"lakecolor": "white",
"landcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"showlakes": true,
"showland": true,
"subunitcolor": "white"
},
"hoverlabel": {
"align": "left"
},
"hovermode": "closest",
"mapbox": {
"style": "light"
},
"paper_bgcolor": "white",
"plot_bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"polar": {
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"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
},
"bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"radialaxis": {
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"linecolor": "white",
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}
},
"scene": {
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"showbackground": true,
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"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
"zerolinecolor": "white"
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"zaxis": {
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"gridcolor": "white",
"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
"zerolinecolor": "white"
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},
"shapedefaults": {
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"ternary": {
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"baxis": {
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"ticks": ""
},
"bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"caxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
}
},
"title": {
"x": 0.05
},
"xaxis": {
"automargin": true,
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": "",
"title": {
"standoff": 15
},
"zerolinecolor": "white",
"zerolinewidth": 2
},
"yaxis": {
"automargin": true,
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": "",
"title": {
"standoff": 15
},
"zerolinecolor": "white",
"zerolinewidth": 2
}
}
},
"width": 800,
"xaxis": {
"range": [
0,
4.5
],
"zeroline": false
},
"yaxis": {
"range": [
0,
4.5
]
}
}
},
"text/html": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"\n",
"fig = go.Figure()\n",
"\n",
"# Create scatter trace of text labels\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(\n",
" x=[1.5, 3.5],\n",
" y=[0.75, 2.5],\n",
" text=[\"Unfilled Circle\",\n",
" \"Filled Circle\"],\n",
" mode=\"text\",\n",
"))\n",
"\n",
"# Set axes properties\n",
"fig.update_xaxes(range=[0, 4.5], zeroline=False)\n",
"fig.update_yaxes(range=[0, 4.5])\n",
"\n",
"# Add circles\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"circle\",\n",
" xref=\"x\", yref=\"y\",\n",
" x0=1, y0=1, x1=3, y1=3,\n",
" line_color=\"LightSeaGreen\",\n",
")\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"circle\",\n",
" xref=\"x\", yref=\"y\",\n",
" fillcolor=\"PaleTurquoise\",\n",
" x0=3, y0=3, x1=4, y1=4,\n",
" line_color=\"LightSeaGreen\",\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"# Set figure size\n",
"fig.update_layout(width=800, height=800)\n",
"\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "cfde9bfb",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 高亮使用圆形形状的散点簇"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"id": "77df48a8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
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"standoff": 15
},
"zerolinecolor": "white",
"zerolinewidth": 2
}
}
}
}
},
"text/html": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"\n",
"import numpy as np\n",
"np.random.seed(1)\n",
"\n",
"# Generate data\n",
"x0 = np.random.normal(2, 0.45, 300)\n",
"y0 = np.random.normal(2, 0.45, 300)\n",
"\n",
"x1 = np.random.normal(6, 0.4, 200)\n",
"y1 = np.random.normal(6, 0.4, 200)\n",
"\n",
"# Create figure\n",
"fig = go.Figure()\n",
"\n",
"# Add scatter traces\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=x0, y=y0, mode=\"markers\"))\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=x1, y=y1, mode=\"markers\"))\n",
"\n",
"# Add shapes\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"circle\",\n",
" xref=\"x\", yref=\"y\",\n",
" x0=min(x0), y0=min(y0),\n",
" x1=max(x0), y1=max(y0),\n",
" opacity=0.2,\n",
" fillcolor=\"blue\",\n",
" line_color=\"blue\",\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"circle\",\n",
" xref=\"x\", yref=\"y\",\n",
" x0=min(x1), y0=min(y1),\n",
" x1=max(x1), y1=max(y1),\n",
" opacity=0.2,\n",
" fillcolor=\"orange\",\n",
" line_color=\"orange\",\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"# Hide legend\n",
"fig.update_layout(showlegend=False)\n",
"\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "09519419",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 带有圆形形状的维恩图"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"id": "db71475b",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"application/vnd.plotly.v1+json": {
"config": {
"plotlyServerURL": "https://plot.ly"
},
"data": [
{
"mode": "text",
"text": [
"$A$",
"$A+B$",
"$B$"
],
"textfont": {
"color": "black",
"family": "Arail",
"size": 18
},
"type": "scatter",
"x": [
1,
1.75,
2.5
],
"y": [
1,
1,
1
]
}
],
"layout": {
"height": 600,
"margin": {
"b": 100,
"l": 20,
"r": 20
},
"plot_bgcolor": "white",
"shapes": [
{
"fillcolor": "blue",
"line": {
"color": "blue"
},
"opacity": 0.3,
"type": "circle",
"x0": 0,
"x1": 2,
"xref": "x",
"y0": 0,
"y1": 2,
"yref": "y"
},
{
"fillcolor": "gray",
"line": {
"color": "gray"
},
"opacity": 0.3,
"type": "circle",
"x0": 1.5,
"x1": 3.5,
"xref": "x",
"y0": 0,
"y1": 2,
"yref": "y"
}
],
"template": {
"data": {
"bar": [
{
"error_x": {
"color": "#2a3f5f"
},
"error_y": {
"color": "#2a3f5f"
},
"marker": {
"line": {
"color": "#E5ECF6",
"width": 0.5
},
"pattern": {
"fillmode": "overlay",
"size": 10,
"solidity": 0.2
}
},
"type": "bar"
}
],
"barpolar": [
{
"marker": {
"line": {
"color": "#E5ECF6",
"width": 0.5
},
"pattern": {
"fillmode": "overlay",
"size": 10,
"solidity": 0.2
}
},
"type": "barpolar"
}
],
"carpet": [
{
"aaxis": {
"endlinecolor": "#2a3f5f",
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"minorgridcolor": "white",
"startlinecolor": "#2a3f5f"
},
"baxis": {
"endlinecolor": "#2a3f5f",
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"minorgridcolor": "white",
"startlinecolor": "#2a3f5f"
},
"type": "carpet"
}
],
"choropleth": [
{
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
},
"type": "choropleth"
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"contour": [
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"ticks": ""
},
"colorscale": [
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],
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0.3333333333333333,
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],
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0.4444444444444444,
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],
[
0.5555555555555556,
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],
[
0.6666666666666666,
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],
[
0.7777777777777778,
"#fb9f3a"
],
[
0.8888888888888888,
"#fdca26"
],
[
1,
"#f0f921"
]
],
"type": "contour"
}
],
"contourcarpet": [
{
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
},
"type": "contourcarpet"
}
],
"heatmap": [
{
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"ticks": ""
},
"colorscale": [
[
0,
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0.1111111111111111,
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0.2222222222222222,
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0.3333333333333333,
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[
0.4444444444444444,
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[
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],
[
0.8888888888888888,
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],
[
1,
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]
],
"type": "heatmap"
}
],
"heatmapgl": [
{
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
},
"colorscale": [
[
0,
"#0d0887"
],
[
0.1111111111111111,
"#46039f"
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[
0.2222222222222222,
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[
0.3333333333333333,
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[
0.4444444444444444,
"#bd3786"
],
[
0.5555555555555556,
"#d8576b"
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0.6666666666666666,
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[
0.7777777777777778,
"#fb9f3a"
],
[
0.8888888888888888,
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],
[
1,
"#f0f921"
]
],
"type": "heatmapgl"
}
],
"histogram": [
{
"marker": {
"pattern": {
"fillmode": "overlay",
"size": 10,
"solidity": 0.2
}
},
"type": "histogram"
}
],
"histogram2d": [
{
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
},
"colorscale": [
[
0,
"#0d0887"
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[
0.1111111111111111,
"#46039f"
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[
0.2222222222222222,
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[
0.3333333333333333,
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],
[
0.4444444444444444,
"#bd3786"
],
[
0.5555555555555556,
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[
0.6666666666666666,
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[
0.7777777777777778,
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[
0.8888888888888888,
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[
1,
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],
"type": "histogram2d"
}
],
"histogram2dcontour": [
{
"colorbar": {
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"ticks": ""
},
"colorscale": [
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0.4444444444444444,
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0.8888888888888888,
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"type": "histogram2dcontour"
}
],
"mesh3d": [
{
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
},
"type": "mesh3d"
}
],
"parcoords": [
{
"line": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "parcoords"
}
],
"pie": [
{
"automargin": true,
"type": "pie"
}
],
"scatter": [
{
"fillpattern": {
"fillmode": "overlay",
"size": 10,
"solidity": 0.2
},
"type": "scatter"
}
],
"scatter3d": [
{
"line": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scatter3d"
}
],
"scattercarpet": [
{
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scattercarpet"
}
],
"scattergeo": [
{
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scattergeo"
}
],
"scattergl": [
{
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scattergl"
}
],
"scattermapbox": [
{
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scattermapbox"
}
],
"scatterpolar": [
{
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scatterpolar"
}
],
"scatterpolargl": [
{
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scatterpolargl"
}
],
"scatterternary": [
{
"marker": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"type": "scatterternary"
}
],
"surface": [
{
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"ticks": ""
},
"colorscale": [
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0,
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[
0.8888888888888888,
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[
1,
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],
"type": "surface"
}
],
"table": [
{
"cells": {
"fill": {
"color": "#EBF0F8"
},
"line": {
"color": "white"
}
},
"header": {
"fill": {
"color": "#C8D4E3"
},
"line": {
"color": "white"
}
},
"type": "table"
}
]
},
"layout": {
"annotationdefaults": {
"arrowcolor": "#2a3f5f",
"arrowhead": 0,
"arrowwidth": 1
},
"autotypenumbers": "strict",
"coloraxis": {
"colorbar": {
"outlinewidth": 0,
"ticks": ""
}
},
"colorscale": {
"diverging": [
[
0,
"#8e0152"
],
[
0.1,
"#c51b7d"
],
[
0.2,
"#de77ae"
],
[
0.3,
"#f1b6da"
],
[
0.4,
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],
[
0.5,
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[
0.6,
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[
0.7,
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],
[
0.8,
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[
0.9,
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],
[
1,
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]
],
"sequential": [
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[
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[
1,
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"sequentialminus": [
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0.2222222222222222,
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[
0.4444444444444444,
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0.5555555555555556,
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0.6666666666666666,
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[
0.7777777777777778,
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],
[
0.8888888888888888,
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],
[
1,
"#f0f921"
]
]
},
"colorway": [
"#636efa",
"#EF553B",
"#00cc96",
"#ab63fa",
"#FFA15A",
"#19d3f3",
"#FF6692",
"#B6E880",
"#FF97FF",
"#FECB52"
],
"font": {
"color": "#2a3f5f"
},
"geo": {
"bgcolor": "white",
"lakecolor": "white",
"landcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"showlakes": true,
"showland": true,
"subunitcolor": "white"
},
"hoverlabel": {
"align": "left"
},
"hovermode": "closest",
"mapbox": {
"style": "light"
},
"paper_bgcolor": "white",
"plot_bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"polar": {
"angularaxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
},
"bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"radialaxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
}
},
"scene": {
"xaxis": {
"backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"gridcolor": "white",
"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
"zerolinecolor": "white"
},
"yaxis": {
"backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"gridcolor": "white",
"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
"zerolinecolor": "white"
},
"zaxis": {
"backgroundcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"gridcolor": "white",
"gridwidth": 2,
"linecolor": "white",
"showbackground": true,
"ticks": "",
"zerolinecolor": "white"
}
},
"shapedefaults": {
"line": {
"color": "#2a3f5f"
}
},
"ternary": {
"aaxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
},
"baxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
},
"bgcolor": "#E5ECF6",
"caxis": {
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": ""
}
},
"title": {
"x": 0.05
},
"xaxis": {
"automargin": true,
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": "",
"title": {
"standoff": 15
},
"zerolinecolor": "white",
"zerolinewidth": 2
},
"yaxis": {
"automargin": true,
"gridcolor": "white",
"linecolor": "white",
"ticks": "",
"title": {
"standoff": 15
},
"zerolinecolor": "white",
"zerolinewidth": 2
}
}
},
"width": 800,
"xaxis": {
"showgrid": false,
"showticklabels": false,
"zeroline": false
},
"yaxis": {
"showgrid": false,
"showticklabels": false,
"zeroline": false
}
}
},
"text/html": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"\n",
"fig = go.Figure()\n",
"\n",
"# Create scatter trace of text labels\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(\n",
" x=[1, 1.75, 2.5],\n",
" y=[1, 1, 1],\n",
" text=[\"$A$\", \"$A+B$\", \"$B$\"],\n",
" mode=\"text\",\n",
" textfont=dict(\n",
" color=\"black\",\n",
" size=18,\n",
" family=\"Arail\",\n",
" )\n",
"))\n",
"\n",
"# Update axes properties\n",
"fig.update_xaxes(\n",
" showticklabels=False,\n",
" showgrid=False,\n",
" zeroline=False,\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"fig.update_yaxes(\n",
" showticklabels=False,\n",
" showgrid=False,\n",
" zeroline=False,\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"# Add circles\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"circle\",\n",
" line_color=\"blue\", fillcolor=\"blue\",\n",
" x0=0, y0=0, x1=2, y1=2\n",
")\n",
"fig.add_shape(type=\"circle\",\n",
" line_color=\"gray\", fillcolor=\"gray\",\n",
" x0=1.5, y0=0, x1=3.5, y1=2\n",
")\n",
"fig.update_shapes(opacity=0.3, xref=\"x\", yref=\"y\")\n",
"\n",
"fig.update_layout(\n",
" margin=dict(l=20, r=20, b=100),\n",
" height=600, width=800,\n",
" plot_bgcolor=\"white\"\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "406dba13",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 向子图添加形状\n",
"\n",
"在这里，我们使用 `make_subplots` 创建的不同轴 (`x1`, `x2`) 作为参考系，以便在子图中绘制形状。"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"id": "2aa05788",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"application/vnd.plotly.v1+json": {
"config": {
"plotlyServerURL": "https://plot.ly"
},
"data": [
{
"type": "scatter",
"x": [
2,
6
],
"xaxis": "x",
"y": [
1,
1
],
"yaxis": "y"
},
{
"type": "bar",
"x": [
1,
2,
3
],
"xaxis": "x2",
"y": [
4,
5,
6
],
"yaxis": "y2"
},
{
"type": "scatter",
"x": [
10,
20
],
"xaxis": "x3",
"y": [
40,
50
],
"yaxis": "y3"
},
{
"type": "bar",
"x": [
11,
13,
15
],
"xaxis": "x4",
"y": [
8,
11,
20
],
"yaxis": "y4"
}
],
"layout": {
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"line": {
"width": 3
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"type": "line",
"x0": 3,
"x1": 5,
"xref": "x",
"y0": 0.5,
"y1": 0.8,
"yref": "y"
},
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"type": "rect",
"x0": 4,
"x1": 5,
"xref": "x2",
"y0": 2,
"y1": 6,
"yref": "y2"
},
{
"type": "rect",
"x0": 10,
"x1": 15,
"xref": "x3",
"y0": 20,
"y1": 30,
"yref": "y3"
},
{
"type": "circle",
"x0": 5,
"x1": 10,
"xref": "x4",
"y0": 12,
"y1": 18,
"yref": "y4"
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"template": {
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"error_x": {
"color": "#2a3f5f"
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"error_y": {
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"width": 0.5
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"solidity": 0.2
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"barpolar": [
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"marker": {
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"type": "carpet"
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""
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"source": [
"import plotly.graph_objects as go\n",
"from plotly.subplots import make_subplots\n",
"\n",
"# Create Subplots\n",
"fig = make_subplots(rows=2, cols=2)\n",
"\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[2, 6], y=[1,1]), row=1, col=1)\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=[1,2,3], y=[4,5,6]), row=1, col=2)\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=[10,20], y=[40,50]), row=2, col=1)\n",
"fig.add_trace(go.Bar(x=[11,13,15], y=[8,11,20]), row=2, col=2)\n",
"\n",
"# Add shapes\n",
"fig.update_layout(\n",
" shapes=[\n",
" dict(type=\"line\", xref=\"x\", yref=\"y\",\n",
" x0=3, y0=0.5, x1=5, y1=0.8, line_width=3),\n",
" dict(type=\"rect\", xref=\"x2\", yref='y2',\n",
" x0=4, y0=2, x1=5, y1=6),\n",
" dict(type=\"rect\", xref=\"x3\", yref=\"y3\",\n",
" x0=10, y0=20, x1=15, y1=30),\n",
" dict(type=\"circle\", xref=\"x4\", yref=\"y4\",\n",
" x0=5, y0=12, x1=10, y1=18)])\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "cdc0a5cd",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### 添加相同的形状到多个子绘图\n",
"\n",
"通过使用 `row` 和 `col` 参数中的 `'all'` 关键字，可以将相同的形状添加到多个 facet。例如"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"id": "2d3ab084",
"metadata": {},
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},
"text/html": [
""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"import plotly.express as px\n",
"\n",
"df = px.data.tips()\n",
"fig = px.scatter(df, x=\"total_bill\", y=\"tip\", facet_row=\"smoker\", facet_col=\"sex\")\n",
"# Adds a rectangle to all facets\n",
"fig.add_shape(\n",
" dict(type=\"rect\", x0=25, x1=35, y0=4, y1=6, line_color=\"purple\"),\n",
" row=\"all\",\n",
" col=\"all\",\n",
")\n",
"# Adds a line to all the rows of the second column\n",
"fig.add_shape(\n",
" dict(type=\"line\", x0=20, x1=25, y0=5, y1=6, line_color=\"yellow\"), row=\"all\", col=2\n",
")\n",
"\n",
"# Adds a circle to all the columns of the first row\n",
"fig.add_shape(\n",
" dict(type=\"circle\", x0=10, y0=2, x1=20, y1=7), row=1, col=\"all\", line_color=\"green\"\n",
")\n",
"fig.show()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"id": "bc976daa",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"### SVG 路径"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"id": "6ad4d4e8",
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"application/vnd.plotly.v1+json": {
"config": {
"plotlyServerURL": "https://plot.ly"
},
"data": [
{
"mode": "text",
"text": [
"Filled Triangle",
"Filled Polygon",
"Quadratic Bezier Curves",
"Cubic Bezier Curves"
],
"type": "scatter",
"x": [
2,
1,
8,
8
],
"y": [
0.25,
9,
2,
6
]
}
],
"layout": {
"shapes": [
{
"line": {
"color": "RoyalBlue"
},
"path": "M 4,4 Q 6,0 8,4",
"type": "path"
},
{
"line": {
"color": "MediumPurple"
},
"path": "M 1,4 C 2,8 6,4 8,8",
"type": "path"
},
{
"fillcolor": "LightPink",
"line": {
"color": "Crimson"
},
"path": " M 1 1 L 1 3 L 4 1 Z",
"type": "path"
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